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an increase in entropy; in such a process ΔH is near zero. To see this, suppose that a 0.1 M solution of glucose is separated from a large volume of water by amembrane through which glucose can diffuse. Diffusion of glucose molecules across the membrane will give them more room in which to move, with the result that the randomness, or entropy, of the system is increased. Maximum entropy is achieved when all molecules can diffuse freely over the largest possible volume — that is, when the concentration of glucose molecules is the same on both sides of the membrane. If the degree of hydration of glucose does not change significantly on dilution, ΔH will be approximately zero; the negative free energy of the reaction in which glucose molecules are liberated to diffuse Trending there is no planet b hippie camping all over printed shirtover a larger volume will be due solely to the positive value of ΔS in Equation 2-7. Heat pipes were invented by George M. Grover in 1962. They are in wide use today, and if you are reading this on a laptop computer, chances are that a heat pipe is helping to cool the electronics in your device. Heat pipes combine the principles of thermal conduction, convection, and change of state to maximize heat transfer. They are often made of copper tubing that has been sealed and partially evacuated. A liquid such as water, sodium solution, alcohol, or ammonia is also sealed into the tube. Because the tube is partially evacuated, the liquid can easily evaporate and become a gas. In practice one end is placed near the
